Cultures around the world, then and now

• Moises Leonardo Arena
• Valery Daniela Perez

Introduction

With time, cultures undergo changes, and their perspectives on these changes vary based on their integration into the present. Therefore, to comprehend how human beings evolve over time, it's essential to observe how different cultures embrace these changes for the future.

To analyze how diverse cultures worldwide have embraced new technologies and trends, integrating them into modernity while adapting, accepting, or relinquishing customs rooted in their past, and even modifying traditions that have garnered global recognition over time, we will examine Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, and French cultures. These cultures have responded to global trends in vastly distinct and intriguing ways, each offering unique visions of the future they envision.

Project objectives

main objective

to analyze and contrast the change of some cultures (Japanese, Korean, French, Norwegian) over time.

specific objectives

to investigate faithfully about these four cultures, highlighting the important aspects that they had throughout history, customs, traditions, culture, etc., and capture it in this project.

Justification

Understanding different cultures is crucial for enhancing coexistence and social interactions with people from diverse countries. Similarly, comprehending how cultures have evolved over time enables us to navigate and discern the changes they undergo, whether stemming from new technologies or beneficial societal customs.

Given these considerations, it is pertinent to study various cultures across time to understand how they've been shaped by significant historical events such as wars, social shifts, and technological advancements. This project aims to analyze interaction contexts and facilitate learning, adaptation, and appreciation of the diverse cultures that enrich our own lives about cultures in other countries.

Bibliography

Japanese Culture: Japanese culture is characterized by a rich tapestry of traditions, beliefs, and practices that have evolved over centuries. From its ancient origins deeply rooted in indigenous beliefs and early forms of Buddhism to the feudal era dominated by samurai warriors and traditional arts, Japan has continuously adapted to external influences such as Westernization during the Meiji Restoration and post-World War II reconstruction. These periods of change have seen the integration of Western practices alongside the preservation of traditional values, resulting in a contemporary culture that blends modernity with a deep respect for heritage. Today, Japan's cultural landscape is shaped by technological innovations, globalization, and social shifts, yet it remains anchored in principles of harmony, respect, and discipline that have endured throughout its history.

Korean Culture: Korean culture is deeply rooted in a rich history spanning thousands of years, characterized by traditions, art, cuisine, language, and spirituality. Over time, Korean culture has undergone significant transformations influenced by various factors such as political upheavals, foreign invasions, and globalization. Ancient Korea saw the development of distinctive cultural practices such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and the creation of Hangul, the Korean alphabet. The Joseon Dynasty further shaped Korean culture with its emphasis on Confucian values, arts, and architecture. In the modern era, Korea experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization, leading to shifts in lifestyle, societal norms, and cultural expressions. Today, Korean culture is renowned globally for its pop culture, including K-pop music, Korean dramas, and cuisine, reflecting a blend of traditional heritage with contemporary influences. Despite these changes, core values of familial piety, respect for elders, and a strong sense of community remain integral to Korean identity.

Norwegian Culture: Norwegian culture is deeply rooted in its Viking heritage, Norse mythology, and centuries-old traditions. Over time, Norway has experienced significant changes, influenced by factors such as Christianity, globalization, and modernization. The Viking Age shaped Norwegian society with its seafaring prowess, exploration, and artistic achievements. The introduction of Christianity in the Middle Ages brought about cultural shifts, including the construction of stave churches and the adoption of Christian traditions. In the modern era, Norway has embraced progressive social policies, environmental conservation, and technological advancements while preserving its cultural heritage. Norwegian culture today reflects a blend of traditional values like egalitarianism, love for nature, and appreciation for arts.

French Culture: French Culture: French culture is renowned for its rich history, art, cuisine, literature, and philosophy, deeply influencing global trends for centuries. Over time, French culture has evolved through various historical periods and influences. The Middle Ages saw the rise of Gothic architecture, chivalry, and troubadour poetry, while the Renaissance brought about a flourishing of arts and humanist ideas. The Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century marked a period of intellectual awakening, with French philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau shaping Western thought. The French Revolution in 1789 transformed French society, leading to the rise of republicanism and the spread of revolutionary ideals. In the modern era, France has embraced innovation in literature, art, cinema, and fashion, contributing to its reputation as a cultural hub.

Bibliography

Fedorenko, O. (2018). The insiders and outsiders of Korean culture. Acta Koreana, 21(2), vii–xvi. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/756436

Hogge, T. (2016). Turning crisis into blessings: The evolution of Japanese culture through disaster. University of Pittsburgh.

Klausen, A. M. (1999). Olympic games as performance and public event: The case of the XVII winter Olympic games in Norway. Berghahn Books.

Sowerwine, C. (2018). France since 1870: Culture, politics and society. Bloomsbury Publishing.